Ishishini le-polyurethane lavela eJamani kwaye liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza eYurophu, eMelika naseJapan ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, kwaye liye laba lelona shishini likhula ngokukhawuleza kwishishini lemichiza.Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, iimveliso zepolyurethane yehlabathi zizonke zafikelela kwi-1.1 yezigidi zeetoni, zafikelela kwi-10 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2000, kwaye imveliso epheleleyo ngo-2005 yayimalunga ne-13.7 yezigidi zeetoni.Umyinge wokukhula ngonyaka kwe-polyurethane yehlabathi ukusuka ku-2000 ukuya ku-2005 wawumalunga ne-6.7%.Imarike yaseMntla Melika, iAsia Pacific kunye neemarike zaseYurophu zibalelwa kuma-95% kwimarike yepolyurethane yehlabathi ngo-2010. Iimarike zase-Asia Pacific, eMpuma Yurophu naseMazantsi eMelika kulindeleke ukuba zikhule ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka ilishumi izayo.
Ngokwengxelo yophando yoPhando kunye neeMarike, imfuno yemalike ye-polyurethane yehlabathi ibizizigidi ezili-13.65 zeetoni ngo-2010, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-17.946 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2016, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo le-4.7%.Ngokwexabiso, kuqikelelwa kwi-33.033 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwi-2010 kwaye iya kufikelela kwi-55.48 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2016, i-CAGR ye-6.8%.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomthamo ogqithisiweyo wemveliso ye-MDI kunye ne-TDI, izixhobo eziphambili ze-polyurethane e-China, imfuno ekhulayo yeemveliso ze-polyurethane ezantsi, kunye nokudluliselwa kwengqwalasela yoshishino kunye namaziko e-R&D ziinkampani ezininzi zezizwe ngezizwe ukuya kwiimarike zaseAsia kunye naseTshayina. , ishishini lasekhaya le-polyurethane liya kuzisa ixesha legolide kwixesha elizayo.
Imarike yeshishini ngalinye eliphantsi kwe-polyurethane emhlabeni iphezulu kakhulu
Imathiriyeli ekrwada yePolyurethane, ngakumbi i-isocyanates, inemiqobo ephezulu yobugcisa, ke ngoko isabelo sentengiso kushishino lwehlabathi lwe-polyurethane luhlala ikakhulu zizigebenga ezinkulu zeekhemikhali, kwaye ugxininiso lweshishini luphezulu kakhulu.
I-CR5 yehlabathi jikelele ye-MDI yi-83.5%, i-TDI yi-71.9%, i-BDO yi-48.6% (CR3), i-polyether polyol yi-57.6%, kunye ne-spandex yi-58.2%.
Umthamo wemveliso yehlabathi kunye nemfuno yezinto ezikrwada ze-polyurethane kunye neemveliso zanda ngokukhawuleza
(1) Umthamo wemveliso ye-polyurethane ekrwada wanda ngokukhawuleza.Ngokumalunga ne-MDI kunye ne-TDI, amandla emveliso ye-MDI yehlabathi afikelele kwi-5.84 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2011, kwaye umthamo wemveliso we-TDI ufikelele kwi-2.38 yezigidi zeetoni.Ngo-2010, imfuno ye-MDI yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-4.55 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye imarike yaseTshayina yenza i-27%.Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2015, imfuno yemalike ye-MDI yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba inyuke malunga ne-40% ukuya kwi-6.4 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye isabelo semarike yehlabathi yase-China siya kunyuka ukuya kuma-31% ngexesha elifanayo.
Okwangoku, kukho amashishini angaphezu kwama-30 e-TDI kunye neeseti ezingaphezu kwama-40 zezityalo ze-TDI emhlabeni, ezinomthamo wemveliso we-2.38 yezigidi zeetoni.Ngo-2010, umthamo wemveliso wawuzizigidi ezi-2.13 zeetoni.Malunga neetoni ezingama-570,000.Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, imfuno yemarike ye-TDI yehlabathi iya kukhula ngesantya se-4% -5%, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno yemarike ye-TDI yehlabathi iya kufikelela kwi-2.3 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2015. Ngo-2015, imfuno yonyaka ye-TDI yaseTshayina imakethi iya kufikelela kwi-828,000 yeetoni, ibalwa kwi-36% yetotali yehlabathi.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-polyether polyols, umthamo wangoku wemveliso yehlabathi jikelele ye-polyether polyols idlula i-9 yezigidi zeetoni, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kuphakathi kwe-5 yezigidi kunye ne-6 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye nomthamo ogqithisileyo ocacileyo.Amandla okuvelisa i-polyether yamazwe ngamazwe agxininiswe kwizandla zeenkampani ezininzi ezinkulu ezifana ne-Bayer, i-BASF, kunye ne-Dow, kwaye i-CR5 iphezulu njenge-57.6%.
(2)Imveliso yepolyurethane ephakathi.Ngokwengxelo ye-IAL Consulting Company, umyinge wokukhula ngonyaka wemveliso ye-polyurethane yehlabathi ukusuka ku-2005 ukuya ku-2007 yayiyi-7.6%, ifikelele kwi-15.92 yezigidi zeetoni.Ngokwandiswa komthamo wemveliso kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno, kulindeleke ukuba ifike kwi-18.7 yezigidi zeetoni kwiminyaka eyi-12.
Umyinge wokukhula ngonyaka kwishishini le-polyurethane yi-15%
Ushishino lwepolyurethane lwaseTshayina lwaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1960 kwaye lwakhula ngokucothayo ekuqaleni.Ngowe-1982, imveliso yasekhaya ye-polyurethane yayiziitoni ezingama-7 000 kuphela.Emva kohlaziyo kunye nokuvulwa, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho lwelizwe, uphuhliso loshishino lwe-polyurethane luqhubele phambili ngokuxhuma kunye nemida.Ngo-2005, ukusetyenziswa kwelizwe lam kweemveliso ze-polyurethane (kubandakanywa nezinyibilikisi) zafikelela kwi-3 yezigidi zeetoni, malunga ne-6 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2010, kwaye umyinge wokukhula ngonyaka ukusuka ku-2005 ukuya ku-2010 wawumalunga ne-15%, phezulu kakhulu kunezinga lokukhula kwe-GDP.
Imfuno yogwebu oluqinileyo lwePolyurethane kulindeleke ukuba iqhume
Ugwebu oluqinileyo lwePolyurethane lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwisikhenkcisi, ukugquma izakhiwo, iimoto kunye namanye amashishini.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezicelo ekugqumelweni kwezakhiwo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwekhonkco elibandayo, imfuno ye-polyurethane eqinile ye-foam ikhule ngokukhawuleza, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka sokusetyenziswa kwe-16% ukusuka ku-2005 ukuya ku-2010. Kwixesha elizayo, kunye Ukwandiswa okuqhubekayo kokugquma kwesakhiwo kunye nemarike yokonga amandla, imfuno yogwebu oluqinileyo lwe-polyurethane kulindeleke ukuba ingenise ukukhula okuqhumayo.Kulindeleke ukuba kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, i-polyurethane eqinile igwebu isakhula ngesantya esingaphezulu kwe-15%.
I-foam ye-polyurethane ethambileyo yasekhaya isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwifenitshala yefenitshala kunye nezihlalo zokuhlala zemoto.Ngo-2010, ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya kwe-polyurethane foam ethambileyo kwafikelela kwi-1.27 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye umyinge wokukhula kokusetyenziswa konyaka ukusuka ku-2005 ukuya ku-2010 wawuyi-16%.Kulindeleke ukuba izinga lokukhula kwemfuno yogwebu oluthambileyo lwelizwe lam kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo ibe yi-10% okanye njalo.
Udaka oluluqilima lwesikhumbawedwaisisombululo sibeka kuqala
Polyurethane elastomers zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi intsimbi, iphepha, ushicilelo kunye namanye amashishini.Kukho abavelisi abaninzi be-10,000-toni kunye nabavelisi abancinci nabaphakathi abamalunga nama-200.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa kwePolyurethane sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimithwalo, iimpahla,izihlangu, njl. Ngo-2009, ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyurethane yaseTshayina yayimalunga ne-1.32 yezigidi zeetoni.ilizwe lam alikho nje umvelisi kunye nomthengi wesikhumba se-polyurethane, kodwa kunye nomthengisi obalulekileyo wemveliso yesikhumba eyenziwe nge-polyurethane.Ngo-2009, ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo sodwa se-polyurethane kwilizwe lam malunga neetoni ezingama-334,000.
Umyinge wezinga lokukhula lonyaka leengubo zepolyurethane kunye nezinto zokuncamathelisa zingaphezulu kwe-10%
Iingubo ze-polyurethane zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiipeyinti zokhuni eziphezulu, iingubo zezakhiwo, iingubo ezinzima zokulwa ne-corrosion, iipeyinti zeemoto eziphezulu, njl.;Izinto zokuncamathelisa i-polyurethane zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izihlangu, iifilimu ezihlanganisiweyo, ulwakhiwo, iimoto kunye nokudityaniswa okukhethekileyo kwe-aerospace kunye nokutywinwa.Kukho ngaphezu kweshumi elinesibini labenzi beetoni ze-polyurethane kunye nezinto zokuncamathelisa.Ngo-2010, imveliso yeetoni ze-polyurethane yayiziitoni ezingama-950,000, kwaye imveliso ye-polyurethane adhesives yayiyi-320,000 yeetoni.
Ukusukela ngo-2001, umndilili wokukhula wonyaka wemveliso encamathelayo yelizwe lam kunye nengeniso yentengiso ibingaphezulu kwe-10%.Umndilili wokukhula ngonyaka.Ukuzuza kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lokuncamathelisa, i-polyurethane adhesive composite ine-avareji yokukhula kwentengiso yonyaka ye-20% kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, enye yezona mveliso zikhula ngokukhawuleza.Phakathi kwabo, ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo kweplastiki yiyona ndawo iphambili yesicelo se-polyurethane adhesives edibeneyo, ibalwa ngaphezu kwe-50% yemveliso epheleleyo kunye nokuthengiswa kwee-adhesive polyurethane composite.Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-China Adhesives Industry Association, imveliso ye-polyurethane adhesives edibeneyo yokupakisha eguquguqukayo yeplastiki iya kuba ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-340,000.
Kwixesha elizayo, i-China iya kuba liziko lophuhliso loshishino lwe-polyurethane yehlabathi
Ndixhamla kwimithombo etyebileyo yelizwe lam kunye nemarike ebanzi, imveliso yelizwe lam kunye nokuthengiswa kweemveliso ze-polyurethane kuyaqhubeka ukwanda.Ngo-2009, ukusetyenziswa kwelizwe lam kweemveliso zepolyurethane kwafikelela kwi-5 yezigidi zeetoni, kubalelwa kuma-30% emarike yehlabathi.Kwixesha elizayo, inani lemveliso ye-polyurethane yelizwe lam liya kwanda.Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2012, imveliso yelizwe lam i-polyurethane iya kuba ngaphezu kwe-35% yesabelo sehlabathi, ibe ngumvelisi omkhulu weemveliso ze-polyurethane.
Isicwangciso soTyalo-mali
Imarike icinga ukuba ishishini le-polyurethane xa lilonke lidangele, kwaye alinathemba ngeshishini le-polyurethane.Sikholelwa ukuba ishishini le-polyurethane okwangoku likwindawo esezantsi yokusebenza.Ngenxa yokuba ishishini linamandla okwandisa isikali, kuya kubakho ukukhula kwakhona ngo-2012, ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo, i-China iya kuba luphuhliso loshishino lwe-polyurethane yehlabathi.Eli ziko zizinto ezisakhulayo eziyimfuneko kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwepolyurethane kunye nobomi babantu.Umyinge wokukhula ngonyaka kushishino lwepolyurethane yaseTshayina yi-15%.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-07-2022